About Us
78th PCJLS in 2024
Panola County Junior Livestock Show has been a part of Panola County Youth since 1948.
The 2024 Show Schedule is February 26 - March 1, 2024.
Show Rules
Forms for Show
Panola County Junior Livestock Show Photo Galleries
PCJLS Scholarship Form
Review for Pen of Heifers Test
Pen of Heifers Test Review
1. What invention in 1873 had a large impact on beef cattle production?
A: Barb Wire
2. In what year was the Chicago Mercantile Exchange founded?
A: 1898
3. What breed of cattle was first produced on The King Ranch?
A. Santa Gertrudis
4. What cross of cattle make up the Santa Gertrudis Breed?
A. Brahman Cattle and Short-horned Cattle
5. When were cattle first brought to the western hemisphere?
A. 1493
6. What year was the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Assoc. Founded? A. 1877
7. What was the original name for the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Assoc?
A. Stock Raisers Association of North Texas
8. Which Country accounts for the highest percentage of the world cattle population?
A. India
9. __________ is highly fatal but preventable soil borne disease caused by Clostridium Chavicol.
A. Blackleg
10.__________ or ____________ is a venereal disease that causes infertility, open cows, and occasional abortions in cows: carried by the bulls and transmitted through breeding.
A. Trich or Trichomoniasis (Either of these will be counted as correct)
11._________________ causes inflammation in the lungs and other larger airways.
A. Bovine Respiratory Disease
12.___________ is a Necrotic disease caused by the Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodous bacteria causing pain and inflammation in the feet and legs.
A. Foot rot
13._____________ occurs when magnesium levels fall below a critical level, some symptoms can include running as they are blind, falling, seizures, and foaming at the mouth.
A. Grass Tetany
14._____________ is a bacterial infection of the eye that causes inflammation and in some cases temporary or permanent blindness.
A. Pink Eye
15.___________ OR ____________ causes loss of young trough birth of weak offspring or abortion reduced milk production and infertility. It can affect both animals and humans.
A. Brucellosis or Bangs ( Either answer will be counted correct)
16._________________ Causes inflammation of the mammary gland caused from trauma or infection leading to pain and decreased milk production.
A. Bovine Mastitis
17. How often should cattle be vaccinated for Black leg?
A. 60-90 days after birth, again at weaning, and then annually
18.How often should Pink Eye vaccinations be given?
A. Annually
19. List the 3 most common ways vaccinations are administered.
A . Intramuscular, Subcutaneously, intravenously
20.Where on the Cow is the most acceptable injection site?
A. Neck
21.What gauge needles are ideal for intramuscular injection?
A. 16x5/8”
22.True or False Intramuscular injections shall use a needle no shorter than 1”
A. False
23.True or False Vaccines provide absolute protection.
A. False
24.Why is revaccination important?
A. Not all animals respond the first time
25._________ vaccines do not contain a live virus or bacteria.
A. Killed
26.Why do you give your cattle booster vaccines?
A. To create protective immunity that cannot be achieved with only one dose
27.What are 3 techniques of breeding?
A. Natural, Artificial Insemination , Embryo Transfer
28.What is the average gestation period of a cow?
A. 283 days
29.____________________ involves manipulating the females estrous cycle so they can be bred at about the same time.
A. Estrous Synchronizing
30.Name 1 drug that can be given to bring cattle into heat.
A. Lutalyse, Estrumate, Chorulon,
31.Age of puberty is influenced by _____________, ____________ and _________ ____________.
A. Genetics, nutrition and body weight
32.True or False Brahman Cattle or heavy brahman influenced cattle tend to reach puberty at a later age.
A. True
33.On a proper diet and nutritional plan, how often does the estrous cycle occur?
A. 18-24 days
34.True or False A Proper mineral program is vital for the breeding cycle for your herd.
A. True
35.The follicular phase of the estrous cycle refers to the narrow period of the time before __________ and __________.
A. Estrus and Ovulation
36.True or False Rate of Conception is higher for Embryo Transfer breeding than Natural breeding.
A. False
37. To survive and be productive beef cattle require 5 things, Name 3.
A. Water, Energy, protein, minerals, vitamins.
38. What feed ingredients like hay, silage and oats supply in a ration?
A. Energy
39.What is the ideal percentage of protein for growing cattle?
A. 12-16%
40.What are 3 examples of feed ingredients used as protein sources when blending feed?
A. Cottonseed meal, Soybean meal, Distillers grain, brewers grain, corn meal, urea
41. What is excess energy stored as?
A. Fat
42.What is the most important nutrient?
A. Water
43.True or False Dry hay can be ground into your feed to provide more carbohydrates.
A. True
44.Dry hay has an AVERAGE moisture content of what?
A. 12%
45.Silage has a average moisture content of what?
A. 40-60%
46.The process of taking food nutrients through the intestinal wall is called ___________.
A. Absorption
47. Name 5 breeds of cattle.
A. Examples but not limited to Hereford, Simmental, Angus, Brahman, Shorthorn, Longhorn, Holstein, Jersey, Charolais, Beef Master, ETC..
48.True or False Prolapse is caused by a cow consuming to much fiber.
A. False
49. True or False Bloat in the Spring can be caused from Clover.
A. True
50.True or False Hi Magnesium minerals can be fed to help prevent bloat.
A. True
51.Does a cow have more than one Stomach?
A. No
52.Name the 4 compartments of the cows stomach.
A. Ruman, Reticulum, omasum, abomasum
53. An animal that doesn’t have horns because of its genetic traits is called what?
A. Polled
54.Name 3 quality grades of beef.
A. Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, Utility
55.What is the purpose of Ear tags?
A. Identifying cattle
56.True or False All cattle that go through the sale barn must be palpated.
A. False
57. Before Turning a Bull into your herd what should he be tested for?
A. Trich and Fertility
58.True or False Low Birth Weight bulls guarantee smaller calves therefore making calving easier.
a. False
59.An F1 Brangus Bred Heifer bred to an F1 Brangus Bull produces what type of Calf?
A. F2 Brangus calf
60. A purebred Brahman crossed with a purebred Hereford produces what type of calf?
A. F1 Braford
61.True or False Cattle with Brahman influence thrive better in Northern States.
A. False eifer H;lkjhfsaklkjdfhl;kah
62.True or False Large amounts of Cottonseed is a great feed for bulls.
A. False
63. What Could happen to a bull if feed straight cotton seed in large amounts?
A. Its been shown to lower their fertility rate
64.Cows with solid white faces are known as what?
A. Baldies
65.Livestock brands must be recorded with the ________ _____________ of each county that your cattle reside in.
A. County Clerk
66.How often do you have to reregister your brand with the County Clerks office?
A. Every 10 Years
67.What is a Grazing restriction?
A. A warning on herbicides or pesticides informs you to keep livestock out of sprayed areas for a certain amount of time.
68.True or false Grass management plays a vital role in herd production.
A. True
69.True or false All herbicides are made for woody plants.
A. False
70.True or False There are no pesticides that require a grazing restriction.
A. False
71.True or False Fescue is an exceptional grazing grass for cattle in the summer.
A. False
72. Proteins produced by an animal’s immune system in response to invasion by bacteria, viruses or parasites.
A. Antibodies
73.Which trait is the highest heritability estimate in cattle?
A. Post weight of gain
74.According to USDA, what is the greatest expense in production of livestock?
A. Feed Purchased
75.Fat Present in the muscle (think of a Steak) is known as what?
A. Marbling
76.What is the largest compartment of a cow’s stomach?
A. Rumen
77.Feed additives used to control worms and other parasites are called___________.
A. Anthelmintics
78.A method of animal identification that uses very low temperature to change pigment color of the skin.
A. Freeze Branding
79.Baby calves Receive immunity to diseases by drinking what?
A. Colostrum
80.What hormone is mainly produced by the ovaries?
A. Estrogen
81.Which vitamin do animals tend to produce enough of so that it does not need to be included as specific nutrients in their ration?
A. Vitamin C
82.The average daily gain for growing cattle on full feed is.
A. 3LBS a day
83.The process of preparing calves for the stress of being moved into feedlot is called?
A. Preconditioning
84.The age of the beef animal and the amount of marbling in the carcass affect what?
A. Quality Grade
85.The amount of fat cover on a market steer is called?
A. Finish
86.What is the normal body temperature of cattle?
A. 101.5 F
87._________ are growths on the skin of cattle caused by a virus.
A. Warts
88.The system used for trading contracts for future delivery of cattle is known as?
A. Futures Market
89.A cow with extremely straight back legs is known as _____-________.
A. Post-legged
90. What breed originated in Scotland during the mid-1800s?
A. Black Angus
91. What is Colostrum?
A. A cows first milk after birth
92.What are 3 common types of lean beef cuts?
A. Top Sirloin, Rib Eye Steak, Tbone Steak, Tenderloin Steak
93.What is the Scientific name for Cattle?
A. Bovine
94.What is Castration?
A. To remove the testicles of male cattle
95.What is Considered a Cow-Calf Operation?
A. A ranch or farm where cows are raised and bred to produce calves.
96.When is a Cow considered mature?
A. When she has given birth
97.What is Cud?
A. The portion of food that an animal regurgitates to chew for the second time.
98. ___________ or _____________ are small button like Tags that are placed in the ear that include an unique 15 digit number printed on them.
A. EID or Electronic ID ( Either will be counted correct)
99. True or False About Half of the beef in the US is feed lot Raised.
A. True
100. True or False Feed lots are more efficient than grassfed environments, they use less land, emissions, feed, and water.
A. True